Shears or the like.



F. D. DAVIES.

SHEARS OR THE LIKE.

- APPLICATION FILED 001'. 1B, 1900. RENEWED MAR. 20, 1909.

Patented Oct. 26, 1 909.

iiiiil.

, mullll-llllllllim Attest:

c Inv enter: W 23. 115/.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK D. DAVIES, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO DAVIES AUTOMATIC SHEAR COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SHEARS OR THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 26, 1909.

Application filed October 18, 1906, Serial No. 339,477. Renewed March 20, 1909. Serial No. 484,804.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK D. DAVIES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have vinvented new and useful Improvements in Shears or the Like, of which the following is a specification. V

In the manufacture of shears and like implements having a pivotal connection it is necessary to have at hand pivots of different lengths, because the thickness of the members to be united varies, so that a pivot suitable for one pair of shears would be too long or too short for another pair. Therefore the workman engaged in riveting shears must pick out a pivot of the correct length for each pair of shears. ,The same trouble has been experienced by me in fitting-rotatable pivots in shears employing tensionalretaining devices.

Hence, the purpose of the present improvement is to provide, in conjunction with tensional devices for shears, a pivot characterized by the ability to be contracted as to its length to a greater or less extent, as found requisite, to enable it to serve in uniting pairs of shear or like members of varying thickness.

My invention further includes certain novel means whereby the pressure between the tensional retaining devices and the pivot may be varied to afford the proper degree of adjustment thereof. In brief my improvedpivot is formed in two parts,-one hollow, and the other solid-the latter being driven into the former to unite them, while my improved adjusting means for the tensional device comprises the provision of a longitudinal row of cup-like depressions in the nail or pivot portion of a shear mem- I ber, and a protuberance on the underside of the, tensional device capable of fitting within any one of said depressions.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a much enlarged elevation of my improved pivot. Fig. 2 is a vertical section thereof. .Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the parts before connection. Fig. 4 is asimilar view of a modification. Fig. 5 is a partial plan view on a smaller scale, of-a pair of shears,

.united by my improved pivot and tensional devices. Fig. 6 is a detail side sectional view, enlarged, of the tensional plate. Fig. 7 is a plan view of atensionalwasher; Fig. 7

8 is a partial view of shears having my improved pivotal connection, with a tensional washer at each side, this being a modification of the form of my invention shown in Fig. 5, and Fig. 9 is a section through one of the pivot members.

. Referring first to the contractible pivot which forms a part of this invention, it is seen, in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, to consist of a hollowmember a, and a solid or stud-like member I) capable of being driven tightly within member a, and to comprise therewith a unit in pivot form. While not absolutely essential to the uniting of the above-mentioned two pivot members, yet the union is greatly facilitated by the provision of certain tapers in the various parts. Thus in Fig. 3, where the parts a and b are shown separated, it will be observed in their exaggerated appearance that the part a has a slight external taper toward its open end, while the stud b is slightly tapered at its end. An important point in the manufacture of these studs and socket portions with the desired taper, lies in the fact that no special tools are needed to provide these tapers, as they are the result of the manipulation which the said parts receive in a certain process of construction. The machines in ordinary use for making screws and studs from screw rod produce them with this taper, without any special effort being made to provide it, and in'fact the taper is difiicult to avoid with the tools generally usedin the construction .of'these parts. The lower end of stud b, where its sectional area is the least, fits snugly within the mouth of hollow member 0:. It therefore'follows that upon forcing said stud farther into said hollow member, the wall of the latter must be distended slightly to accommodate the increasing bulk of the stud. Such distentionserves to render truly cylindrical the initially tapered outer wall of member a, better enabling said member to fulfil its pivotal function. While the tapers in the hollow memberand stud are so slight as to be hardly perceptible, in the enlarged drawing, (Fig. 3) they are clear to the naked eye. In Figs. 1, 2 and 4, however, where the studs are shown as pressed into the hollow members, the outer contour of the latter is seen to be cylindrical as having been spread by the stud. The main advantage due to this -the--conical form of boththe protuberance studs will serve in fitting all shears of-acertain size,- irrespeotive of whatsoever irregu-i andaitsseatinggcavltlesitheformer-maybesre; larities that are sure ,to existin thethickness; movedufromthe-latter 'withifacility, because of the parts. Thus the pivot parts are yielding to combined sidewise and upward 5 united within the alined holes in -a=pair of pressure; Instead of the tensional plate d 70 shear members, and, with a proper gage-as Imay employ another washer, as 0, between to the desired-length of the pivot,are tapped 1the headi-b of stud b and the nail surfacefln or pressed together according tothat gage. which case however thentension afforded 1s Although the pivot may be thus contracted 'of' a fixed"cli'aract'er. Since in this case the with comparative ease, the unioneffected is v washer is not readily d tached, as is the t n- 75 so perfect as'to preclude any possibility of sionalplate a.the size'ofs'the headbf'of' stud accidental dismemberment. In fact it most *bdnay be-larger-thanthebody ofmember a. efficiently takes theplaceof "riveting, but lImay employtwoysuchwashers;one-ateach with the advantage of having an ample endof 'thei-pivot, asf-shownmhFi'g. 8-, or'I range of'variability as to length; may employfa single washer,- held bythe The hollow member a ofFigAL differs head of'thestud'agaiiIStashear member, or only in being; open throughout itslength, a single-washer; at" the opposite-end of the instead'of being closed at one end, as in pivot, held by the retaining shoul'oler of the Figs. 1, 2 and 13. The hollow membersa or socketportionofithepivot: I i p a, has a shoulder a toform a stop for a I claim washer, as '0, that may be sprung over the cyll A'pivotfor-shears or the-like comprlslindrical'portionof said membera or, a, and inga socket portion and a stud port1on;.the serves asa tensional head for thepivot at stud fitting'within the socket portion-setone side of the shears. Just anterior to ting;-uplengthwise frictional'union-thereshoulder a Ialso provide a very shallow anwith, and. said' 'members' thus united being 90 nulargroove a that forms alodgment for contractible-toa suitable length. said washer. The-head b of 'studb' may be I 2. A pivot-forebears onthelikecomprisof" no greaterdiameter than that of the body ingasocketfportion and a stud-portion, the ofmember a, whereby said head'may pass studportiontaperingslightly*towardits' -im through the pivot holes in the shears when herend and ifittingi-within theg socketzpor 9-5 desiredto assemble or disunite'the shears tion setting up lengthwise frictional union In adjusting'thepivot'inthe shears the stud 3 erewith; the taper onthe-stud being so is driven so far into thehollow member that graduated'that'the said members thus united sufficient space is left between the inner surare co-ntractible to asuitable-rpivot length; n A face of'head Z) and the nailsurface as to re- 3; Apivotfifor-shears orwthe like compris 100 ceive the forked ends of-a tension'aldevice d, ing a socket-portion whoseouterperipheral that thus straddles thestud'bf and holds the l surface tapers slightlytoward its innerend, pivot in place. The tensional device, which 5 andua stud portion tapering slightly-toward is a thin spring-plate with one endslightly its inner end, whereby when forced'iinto the A 40 elevated, andhaving-a slight-longitudinal, socket portion to set up lengthwise: fric- 105 how that straightens out by pressure be-. tionalunion-therewithitjdistends said socket tween the-stud and theshears, exerts a 'tenportio'rr into-true cylindricaliform; sion' that: draws the blade edges together in 4:- A pivot-iforshears orthelike compristheir, cuttingaction. Near its elevated end, ing a socket portion having a-tone-end=a W the plate is, provided, at its underside, with 1 slightannular-shoulder;togetheriwitliastud 1'10 a protuberance d, which may fit within any adaptedito be driven to'varyiiigdepthswithone ofa longitudinal row of'cavities e that in said'socket' portion to set up lengthwise are formed in the nail of ashear-member, frictionalunion-"therewith; thewliead ofisaid and which are in form of conical'cups. v In studb'eiirg-off'nogreatendiameterthan-the this manner the tensional-device'is prevented; socket portion: I 1'15 f hifti h t; But when itis def 5.- 1% pivot for shears or-the lilre' comprissirable to change. the degreeoftension imingga socket portion having-at. one endqa parted to the shears, 1- shift the device d slightannular shoulder, andlanteriortherelongitudinally andcause the' protuberance d to, a shallow annular-:groove, togetherwith to rest inanother of the cavities e. The a stud adapted tobe drivenzto' varying 1'20 particular form-of'protuberance d is conical 5 depths withinsaidsockettiporti'on, toeset up to render it capable of' serving the purpose lengthwisefrictional unionitherewith, andia described, and-is produced by forniingadeheadupon-gsaid stud;- offvnogreaterhdiameter pression in the upper surface of plate 03, than-the socket:p0rtion: I with a' round'pointed. tool end. A corre- In, shears orvthelik'e, ia-pivot-uniting I2 spondingly' round pointed-conical tool end the shear-members; said pivothaving'retainmay be used in forming the cavities-e in the ing meansxat each-end, the :retaining -means nail: Surface, 0 receive; said protuberance, at'zone -end comprising a--pivotsheadand'an said cavities being sunktoasullicien-t depth 1 adjustable tensional plate" fittingf-between 65 to containaprotuberance. On'account of I i said head-'and--the"sliear surfa'oasa id'plate having a conical protuberance at its under surface near one end, and the shear surface having a longitudinal series of conical cavities, each adapted to seat said protuberance.

7 In shears or the like, a pivot uniting the shear members, said pivot having a groove near one end and a head at the other end, together with an adjustable tensional plate fitting within said groove and bearing against a shear member, said plate having a conical protuberance at its under surface near one end, and the shear surface having a longitudinal series of conical cavities, each adapted to seat said protuberance.

8. In shears or the like, a pivot uniting the shear members, said pivot having a groove near one end and a retaining shoulder at the other end, together with a tensional washer retained by said shoulder and eX- erting tension against one side of the shears, and an adjustable tensional plate fitting within said groove and bearing against a shear member, said plate having a conical protuberance at its under surface near one end, and the shear surface having a longitudinal series of conical cavities, each adapted to seat said protuberance.

9. In shears or the like, a pivot uniting the shear members, said pivot comprising a socket portion and a stud to fit contractibly therein, the socket portion having a shoulder at its outer end and a shallow groove anterior thereto, and the stud having a head of no greater diameter than the socket portion; together with a tensional washer fitting within said shallow groove, and exerting tension between said shoulder and one side of the shears, an adjustable tensional plate fitting between said head and the other side of the shears, said plate having a conical protuberance at its under surface near one end, and the shear surface having a longitudinal series of conical cavities, each adapted to seat said protuberance.

10. A pivot for shears or the like, comprising a socket portion and a stud portion, the stud fitting within the socket portion thereby setting up lengthwise frictional union therewith, and said members thus united being contractible to a suitable pivot length, the stud portion having a head and the socket portion a retaining shoulder, together with tensional means retained by said head and retaining shoulder and exerting tension against adjacent shear members.

11. A pivot for shears or the like, comprising a socket portion and a stud portion, the stud fitting within the socket portion setting up lengthwise frictional union therewith, and said members thus united being contractible to a suitable pivot length, the stud portion having a head and the socket portion a retaining shoulder, together with a tensional washer held by said retaining shoulder and exerting tension against a shear member.

12. A pivot for shears or the like, comprising a socket portion and a stud portion, the stud fitting within the socket portion setting up lengthwise frictional union therewith, and said members thus united being contractible to a suitable pivot length, the stud portion having a head and the socket portion a retaining shoulder, together with a tensional washer held by said head and exerting tension against a shear member.

FREDERICK D. DAVIES.

In presence of- F. W. BARKER,

FREDERICK C. BoNNY. 

